Fernandes-Vale-2014

Authors: Tânia Fernandes 1, Ana P Vale, Bruno Martins, José Morais, Régine Kolinsky.

Article: The deficit of letter processing in developmental dyslexia: combining evidence from dyslexics, typical readers.

Publication: Developmental Science (Wiley). 17(1):125-141 2014 | DOI: 10.1111/desc.12102

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Abstract

To clarify the link between anomalous letter processing and developmental dyslexia, we examined the impact of surrounding contours on letter vs. pseudo-letter processing by three groups of children – phonological dyslexics and two controls, one matched for chronological age, the other for reading level – and three groups of adults differing by schooling and literacy – unschooled illiterates and ex-illiterates, and schooled literates. For pseudo-letters, all groups showed congruence effects (CE: better performance for targets surrounded by a congruent than by an incongruent shape). In contrast, for letters, only dyslexics exhibited a CE, strongly related to their phonological recoding abilities even after partialling out working memory, whereas the reverse held true for the pseudo-letter CE. In illiterate adults, the higher letter knowledge, the smaller their letter CE; their letter processing was immune (to some extent) to inference from surrounding information. The absence of a letter CE in illiterates and the positive CE in dyslexics have their origin in different aspects of the same ability, i.e. phonological recoding.

Tagged as: letter recognition, sensory congruence, and visual processing

Citation:

Fernandes T, Vale AP, Martins B, Morais J, Kolinsky R. The deficit of letter processing in developmental dyslexia: combining evidence from dyslexics, typical readers and illiterate adults. Dev Sci. 2014;17(1):125-141. doi:10.1111/desc.12102